水平斜插板透空式防波堤消波性能数值模拟

通过改进已有的防波堤模型，建立了一种新型水平斜板透空式防波堤模型。基于VOF方法建立了波浪与水平斜板防波堤相互作用的数值模型。经数值模拟研究了该新型水平斜板防波堤结构对波浪透射系数的影响，主要考虑了斜板角度、波陡、相对板间距、相对板宽和相对出水高度等因素对防波堤消波效果的影响。模拟结果显示:①水平斜插板透空式防波堤比水平板透空式防波堤的消波效果好。在斜插板作用下，随着斜板角度增大，透射系数逐渐增大，但增幅逐渐减小；②随着波陡增大，透射系数先减后增；③随着水平板间距增加，透射系数增大；④随着防波堤相对板宽的增大，透射系数逐渐减小；⑤随着防波堤出水高度增加，透射系数先减后增。结果表明，该新型结构防波堤的消波效果显著，可以很好地消减波浪，应用前景良好。     

Influence of particle contact models on soil response of poorly graded sand during cavity expansion in discrete element simulation

The discrete element method (DEM) has been extensively adopted to investigate many complex geotechnical related problems due to its capability to incorporate the discontinuous nature of granular materials. In particular, when simulating large deformations or distortion of soil (e.g. cavity expansion), DEM can be very effective as other numerical solutions may experience convergence problems. Cavity expansion theory has widespread applications in geotechnical engineering, particularly to the problems concerning in situ testing, pile installation and so forth. In addition, the behaviour of geomaterials in a macro-level is utterly determined by microscopic properties, highlighting the importance of contact models. Despite the fact that there are numerous contact models proposed to mimic the realistic behaviour of granular materials, there are lack of studies on the effects of these contact models on the soil response. Hence, in this study, a series of three-dimensional numerical simulations with different contact constitutive models was conducted to simulate the response of sandy soils during cylindrical cavity expansion. In this numerical investigation, three contact models, i.e. linear contact model, rolling resistance contact model, and Hertz contact model, are considered. It should be noted that the former two models are linear based models, providing linearly elastic and frictional plasticity behaviours, whereas the latter one consists of nonlinear formulation based on an approximation of the theory of Mindlin and Deresiewicz. To examine the effects of these contact models, several cylindrical cavities were created and expanded gradually from an initial radius of 0.055 m to a final radius of 0.1 m. The numerical predictions confirm that the calibrated contact models produced similar results regarding the variations of cavity pressure, radial stress, deviatoric stress, volumetric strain, as well as the soil radial displacement. However, the linear contact model may result in inaccurate predictions when highly angular soil particles are involved. In addition, considering the excessive soil displacement induced by the pile installation (i.e. cavity expansion), a minimum distance of 11a (a is the cavity radius) is recommend for practicing engineers to avoid the potential damages to the existing piles and adjacent structures.     

陕北沙漠区浅埋厚煤层开采潜水位及生态响应

煤炭开采造成上覆岩层破裂、移动，破坏了矿区含（隔）水层结构，改变了地表水及地下水循环演化状态，对浅表层生态环境造成严重影响，引发一系列环境地质问题。为深入研究沙漠地区厚煤层开采给潜水位及生态环境造成的影响，以毛乌素沙漠金鸡滩矿为例，对水文地质条件进行了研究，采用数值模拟的方法，模拟了沙漠区厚煤层开采潜水位的变化，并通过采动潜水位监测数据验证了预测结果。调查分析了研究区及周边地表生态环境现状，预测采后潜水位基本满足植物生长需求，对生态环境影响不大。     

In Silico Study on Tumor-Size-Dependent Thermal Profiles inside an Anthropomorphic Female Breast Phantom Subjected to Multi-Dipole Antenna Array

Electromagnetic hyperthermia as a potent adjuvant for conventional cancer therapies can be considered valuable in modern oncology, as its task is to thermally destroy cancer cells exposed to high-frequency electromagnetic fields. Hyperthermia treatment planning based on computer in silico simulations has the potential to improve the localized heating of breast tissues through the use of the phased-array dipole applicators. Herein, we intended to improve our understanding of temperature estimation in an anatomically accurate female breast phantom embedded with a tumor, particularly when it is exposed to an eight-element dipole antenna matrix surrounding the breast tissues. The Maxwell equations coupled with the modified Pennes’ bioheat equation was solved in the modelled breast tissues using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) engine. The microwave (MW) applicators around the object were modelled with shortened half-wavelength dipole antennas operating at the same 1 GHz frequency, but with different input power and phases for the dipole sources. The total input power of an eight-dipole antenna matrix was set at 8 W so that the temperature in the breast tumor did not exceed 42 °C. Finding the optimal setting for each dipole antenna from the matrix was our primary objective. Such a procedure should form the basis of any successful hyperthermia treatment planning. We applied the algorithm of multi for multi-objective optimization for the power and phases for the dipole sources in terms of maximizing the specific absorption rate (SAR) parameter inside the breast tumor while minimizing this parameter in the healthy tissues. Electro-thermal simulations were performed for tumors of different radii to confirm the reliable operation of the given optimization procedure. In the next step, thermal profiles for tumors of various sizes were calculated for the optimal parameters of dipole sources. The computed results showed that larger tumors heated better than smaller tumors; however, the procedure worked well regardless of the tumor size. This verifies the effectiveness of the applied optimization method, regardless of the various stages of breast tumor development.     

三山岛北部海域金矿大规模海下开采地表岩移预测分析

三山岛北部海域金矿赋存于海平面下,设计生产能力达到12 000t/d,水下开采技术难度大,若矿体开采强度过高、顶柱隔离层保留不足,将可能造成海床沉降变形,引发海水倒灌的风险。根据矿床开采技术条件,在获取有限岩石力学参数条件下,本次采用软件模拟分析了海下矿床上向充填法开采条件下的地表岩移特征。研究结果表明,地表沉降变形最大值分布于矿体上盘区域,随着开采由深部逐渐转入浅部区域,地表沉降变形不断增大,研究建议留设160m顶柱,能够保证海下矿体安全开采。     

水位骤降对下伏隧道堤防安全影响研究

建立了考虑水位骤降条件下的下伏隧道堤防模型,依托湘江某下伏隧道堤防工程,基于堤防边坡渗流原理,结合有限元应力计算,探讨了不同水位骤降速率下的浸润线情况,计算了堤防安全系数。研究结果表明:湘江水位骤降速率越快,浸润线变化范围越大,浸润线变化范围与水位降落速率成正比;湘江水位骤降速度在3 m/d^4 m/d,水位降到28.8 m时,堤岸失去稳定;水位骤降并非整个过程中堤岸均处于失稳状态,而是水位降至某高度后堤岸失稳,骤降速率增快对堤防安全系数有一定负面作用。研究结果对隧道下穿堤防建设具有一定指导意义。     

深部大采高工作面煤柱留设优化数值模拟研究

为缓解高产高效矿井采掘接续紧张局面，鄂尔多斯地区综采工作面多采用“两进一回”的巷道布置形式，辅运巷在回采结束后用作下一工作面的回风巷，两进风巷之间采用大煤柱护巷。但随着该地区采深600 m以上的深部矿井增多，冲击地压灾害问题逐渐显现，双巷大煤柱留设的弊端也暴露出来。针对此问题，以鄂尔多斯红庆河煤矿3^-1101大采高综采工作面为例，对不同宽度煤柱留设的应力分布规律进行建模研究，提出了合理的煤柱留设宽度，为鄂尔多斯地区类似条件矿井的安全高效开采提供参考依据。     

雾化溶液除湿系统最适液滴特性

液滴特性是影响雾化溶液除湿系统性能的关键因素，但目前适用于该类除湿系统的最佳液滴特性尚不明确。为此，本文基于雾化溶液除湿过程所遵循的质量、能量平衡，借助数值模拟及正交设计，以超声波雾化溶液除湿系统（UADS）为例，对除湿剂液滴在各典型粒径、温度、质量分数等特性组合下的除湿性能进行研究。结果表明：随着液滴粒径的减小、溶液质量分数的增加以及液滴温度的降低，雾化除湿系统性能虽均有所提升，但其改善作用依次减弱；通过正交设计优化液滴特性组合，可显著提升雾化除湿系统性能。与液滴优化前相比，UADS系统在本文所得最适液滴特性下的性能，比传统典型性能（除湿速率为7.5g/s，除湿效率为48.5%）大幅提升，除湿速率提升31.04%，除湿效率改善达24.63%。研究可为雾化溶液除湿系统液滴特性的合理优选，并进一步提高系统的除湿性能及经济性提供积极参考。     

非相变固体蓄热材料的蓄放热特性

搭建了低谷电蓄能蒸汽发生换热测试系统，采用数据记录仪、Hot Disk热常数分析仪等仪器检测了刚玉球等非相变固体蓄热材料的热物性。通过实验与模拟相结合的方式，研究了粉煤灰、氧化镁、刚玉砂、刚玉球等材料的蓄放热特性。分析了蓄热材料种类和粒径大小对蓄放热特性的影响，得到了不同材料的蓄热密度和综合换热系数等关键参数。结合FLUENT非稳态模拟方法，模拟了蓄热体在不同材料粒径下的蓄热和放热温度场变化规律。结果表明：刚玉球能够提供充足连续的热量，可以作为一种性能良好的蓄热材料进行应用；随着刚玉砂粒径的增大，其蓄热密度和综合换热系数会增大，有效放热时间也会延长。     

薄煤层复合顶板巷道支护参数优化研究

以滨湖煤矿12210工作面材料巷为研究背景,在原有巷道支护方案的基础上,提出了2种巷道支护参数优化方案。运用FLAC3D数值模拟软件对原方案、方案1、方案2进行了分析对比。通过对不同方案下的巷道垂直、水平应力和位移云图分析研究发现,支护方案2为最优方案。方案2的支护密度相对原方案有所降低,因此,方案2在一定程度上节约了滨湖煤矿的支护费用和施工成本,提高了企业的经济效益。